Ethereum developers have entered the final development phase of the Glamsterdam upgrade, running devnets with all planned EIPs before moving to testnets. The upgrade, expected in the second half of the year, is described as one of the network's biggest changes since the Merge. Features include enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation (ePBS) to reduce MEV manipulation and Block-level Access Lists for faster execution. Additionally, gas repricings will alter transaction costs, making compute cheaper and state access more expensive. Developers are focused on testing, finalizing specs, and community outreach.

Key facts

• Glamsterdam upgrade enters final devnet phase with all EIPs
• Expected mainnet activation in second half of 2025
• ePBS (EIP-7732) aims to reduce MEV manipulation
• Block-level Access Lists (EIP-7928) improve execution speed
• Gas repricings lower compute costs, raise state access costs

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